Ethereum L1 faces rising address poisoning attacks as transaction costs drop

Address poisoning attacks on Ethereum have become more prevalent following the Fusaka upgrade, which reduced attack costs by up to 600%. While the success rate remains low at 0.01% per transfer, sub-$0.01 ‘dust’ transactions have increased substantially compared to pre-upgrade levels. Security researchers note that lower transaction costs have made these attacks economically viable at scale. The ecosystem continues to rely on user education and wallet improvements—such as address verification features in tools like Rabby—rather than protocol-level restrictions on low-value transactions, as raising gas costs for small transfers could harm legitimate use cases.